Biology 340 Exam 1 –2004              Name_________________________________

1. _________________________________                              (2 points each)

2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

5. _________________________________

6. Diagram and label a winter twig, include the following: terminal bud, bud scale scars, leaf scar, lateral bud, bundle scars, node, lamellate pith, and internode.      (9 points)

7. Give one characteristic for each class of green algae (Micromonadophyceae

(Prasinophyceae), Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Charophyceae) that will

 separate it from the other classes.  (6 points)

8. Name and explain four (4) thallus types found in the Chlorophyta.  (8 points)

9. Diagram and label a typical moss plant, include the following: gametophyte, sporophyte, operculum, peristomal teeth, costa, seta, and rhizoids.  (7 points)

10. Name and explain four (4) characteristics that are unique to non-vascular plants.  (6 points)

11. Give one characteristic for each Phyla of non-vascular plant that would separate it from all the others.  (5 points)

12. Briefly differentiate between eusporangiate and leptosporangiate; between homosporous and heterosporous, and give an example of each (you may use common names or scientific names for your examples).  (8 points)

13. Briefly differentiate between microspores, megaspores, and sporophylls. 

(6 points)

14. Name and explain four (4) distinctive features of Gymnosperms (with in the context of vascular plants).  (5 points)

15. Which Phyla of Gymnosperm do you think is most closely related to the Anthophyta (Angiosperms)?  Explain why you believe this.  (5 points)

16. Match the following: (items may be used more than once or not at all)            (2 points each) 

____  Lycopodiaceae                                                 A.  Oedogoinales                                      

____  Closterium                                                        B.  Taxales

 ____  Selaginella                                                        C.  Polypodiophyta

 ____  Marsileaceae                                                    D.  Zygnematales

 ____  Isoëtes                                                               E.  Bryophyta

 ____  Volvox                                                               F.  Ophioglossidae

 ____  Ephedra                                                             G.  Cycadaceae

 ____  Equisetum                                                         H.  Lycophyta

 ____  Scenedesmus                                                    I.  Hapatophyta

 ____  Tsuga                                                                 J.  Gnetophyta

 ____  Polytrichum                                                      K.  Pinales

 ____  Spirogyra                                                         L.  Chlorococcales

 ____  Taxus                                                                 M.  Volvocales

                                                                                     N.  Marsileidae

                                                                                     O.  Cladophorales

                                                                                     P.      Ginkgophyta

 17.  Briefly define the following:  (2 points each)

 palmelloid

 gamatangia    

 leptoids  

 strobilus

 indusium

 megasporophyll

Bio 340 Exam 2, 2004                          Name_______________________________________

 1.       Diagram, label, and explain (as necessary) a ternate, bipinnate, and a palmately compound leaf.  (6 points)

 2.       Using diagrams, briefly explain and differentiate between an actinomorpohic and a zygomorphic corolla. (8 points)

3.       Name and diagram four types of phyllotaxy.  (8 points)

4.       List 6 (six) means of determining if a pistil is compound. (6 points)

5.       Name and explain (diagrams would help) three basic types of placentation. (6 points)

6.       Briefly explain the difference between hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous flowers (diagrams would be helpful). (6 points)

7.  Write a floral formula for the Solanaceae based on the following description. (10 points)

Inflorescence, floral, fruit and seed morphology: Flowers solitary, or aggregated in ‘inflorescences’. The terminal inflorescence unit apparently cymose. Inflorescences terminal, or axillary, or leaf-opposed (occasionally). Flowers small to medium-sized; fragrant (e.g. Nicotiana), or malodorous (e.g. Anthocercis, if so considered), or odourless(mostly); regular (usually, more or less), or somewhat irregular to very irregular. The floral irregularity when noticeable) involving the perianth, or involving the androecium, or involving the perianth and involving the androecium. Flowers mostly (4–)5 merous; cyclic; tetracyclic. Free hypanthium absent. Hypogynous disk usually present; intrastaminal. Perianth with distinct calyx and corolla; 10 (nearly always), or 8, or 11–14; 2 whorled; isomerous, or anisomerous. Calyx(4–)5 the tube. Calyx (–7); 1 whorled; gamosepalous. Calyx lobes markedly shorter than the tube to markedly longer than regular (usually), or unequal but not bilabiate; persistent; accrescent, or non-accrescent. Corolla (4–)5(–7); 1 whorled; gamopetalous. Corolla lobes markedly shorter than the tube to markedly longer than the tube. Corolla contorted and plicate (usually), or imbricate, or valvate, or contorted; rotate, or campanulate, or funnel-shaped, or tubular; regular (usually, more or less), or bilabiate (rarely), or unequal but not bilabiate (sometimes). Androecium 5 (usually), or 3–4 (rarely), or 6–7 (rarely). Androecial members adnate (epipetalous, on the tube); all equal (often), or markedly unequal; free of one another; 1 whorled. Androecium exclusively of fertile stamens (usually), or including staminodes (Salpiglossideae). Staminodes when present, 1 (Salpiglossis), or 3 (Schizanthus); in the same series as the fertile stamens; representing when present, the posterior median member (Salpiglossis), or the posterior median member and the posterior-lateral pair (Schizanthus). Fertile stamens representing the posterior median member, the posterior-lateral pair, and the anterior-lateral pair (mostly), or the posterior-lateral pair and the anterior-lateral pair (Salpiglossis), or pair (Schizanthus). Stamens 5 (in all but Salpiglossideae), or 2, or 4; inserted near the base of the corolla tube, or midway down the corolla tube, or in the throat of the corolla tube; didynamous (e.g. Anthocercis), or not didynamous, not tetradynamous (mostly); reduced in number relative to the adjacent perianth (rarely), or isomerous with the perianth; oppositisepalous; alternating with the corolla members. Filaments appendiculate (e.g., inconsistently lobed in Anthocercis), or not appendiculate. Anthers connivent (often touching in a ring at their tops), or separate from one another; dorsifixed, or basifixed; dehiscing via pores to dehiscing via short slits (terminally), or dehiscing via longitudinal slits; extrorse (e.g. Anthocercis), or introrse (usually, if dehiscence not terminal); tetrasporangiate. Endothecium developing fibrous thickenings, or not developing fibrous thickenings (when the dehiscence is porose). Microsporogenesis simultaneous. The initial microspore tetrads tetrahedral, or isobilateral, or decussate. Anther wall initially with one middle layer, or initially with more than one middle layer (1 or 2); of the ‘basic’ type (rarely), or of the ‘dicot’ type. Tapetum glandular. Pollen shed in aggregates (rarely), or shed as single grains; in Salpiglossis, in tetrads. Pollen grains aperturate (usually), or nonaperturate; (2–)3–5(–6) aperturate; colpate, or colporate (or colporoidate), or rugate; 2-celled. Gynoecium 2 carpelled. Carpels reduced in number relative to the perianth. The pistil 2 celled (usually), or3–5 celled (Nicandreae and Datureae). Gynoecium syncarpous; synstylovarious to eu-syncarpous; superior. Ovary 2 locular (but sometimes complicated by secondary divisions). Locules secondarily divided by ‘false septa’ (Nicandreae and Datureae), or without ‘false septa’. Gynoecium oblique (the posterior carpel to the right, as expressed in conventional floral diagams); stylate. Styles 1; without an indusium; attenuate from the ovary; apical. Stigmas 1–2; if regarded as single, 2 lobed; wet type, or dry type; papillate, or non-papillate; Group II type, or Group III type, or Group IV type. Placentation axile (the placentae usually more or less swollen). Ovules 1–50 per locule (i.e. to ‘many’); non-arillate; anatropous, or hemianatropous; unitegmic; tenuinucellate. Endothelium differentiated. Embryo-sac development Polygonum-type, or Allium-type. Polar nuclei fusing prior to fertilization. Antipodal cells formed; 3; not proliferating; ephemeral (usually), or persistent (e.g. Atropa). Synergids pear-shaped, or hooked (sometimes with filiform apparatus). Endosperm formation cellular, or nuclear, or helobial. Endosperm haustoria usually present; antipodal. Embryogeny solanad (usually), or onagrad (rarely). Fruit fleshy, or non-fleshy; dehiscent, or indehiscent; a capsule, or a berry, or a drupe. Capsules septicidal (commonly), or loculicidal, or valvular, or circumscissile (Hyoscyamus). Seeds endospermic (usually). Endosperm oily (usually), or not oily

(rarely starchy). Seeds not conspicuously hairy. Seeds with starch (rarely), or without starch. Cotyledons 2; semi-cylindric.

8.        Diagram (and label if appropriate) the following leaf shapes: ovate, elliptical, oblong, lanceolate, linear, cordate, hastate, and peltate.  (8 points)

9.       Diagram and label an  Asteraceae head, include the following: disc flower, ray flower, involucre, stigma, style, chaff, ovary, corolla, and stamens. (9 points)

10.  Name and diagram five (5) basic types of leaf margins.  (8 points)

11.  Briefly define the following: (2points each)

Tomentose surface

 Mioecious

 Epipetalous

 Tetradynamous

 Stamenodium

 Calyx accrescent

 Perfect flower

 Polygamous-monoecious

 Connation

 Introrose

 Polydelphous stamens

 Thorn

Biology 340 Final 2004                    Name__________________________________

Name, diagram, label (where appropriate), and explain eight (8) sympetalous corolla types.

Name, diagram, label (where appropriate), ten (10) inflorescence types.

Name, diagram, label (where appropriate), twenty (20) fruit types.

Briefly differentiate between the following: basal angiosperms, monocots, basal eudicots, rosids, and asterids.

Briefly describe the Palouse Grasslands region (NA0813 Ecoregion). Include in your description the two native grass species that were historically dominant and the invasive grass species that has been displacing them.  Also include the names of the remaining large blocks of intact Palouse habitat.  (8 points)

Before the field trip, you were given a handout listing the vegetation zones along  a transect from Seattle to the Columbia River.  Divide the zones into those east and west of the cascades, and list them according to their elevation from highest to lowest. (9 points)

Briefly describe the Picea sitchensis vegetation zone.

Briefly define the following terms:  (2 points each)

       Cruciform

 Auriculate

 Tomentose

 Edaphic

 Palouse

 Fog drip

 Community types

 Bracteole

 Pedicel

 Scapose

 Mesocarp

 Entomophilous

 Polyphyletic

 Betalains

Prunoideae

 Protandry

As you travel from Seattle over the cascades via Snoqualmie pass and down to the Columbia river, the average annual ________________ first increases then decreases; whereas the average ______________ in July first decreases then increases.  (5 points)

 Match the following: